Palotina
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Palotina | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 24°17′00″S 53°50′23″W / 24.28333°S 53.83972°W | |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Luiz Ernesto de Giacometti |
| Area | |
| • Total | 651 km2 (251 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 320 m (1,050 ft) |
| Population (2020 [1]) | |
| • Total | 32,121 |
| • Density | 44.5/km2 (115/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
Palotina is a Brazilian municipality in western Paraná state, located around 60 kilometers from the border with Paraguay.[2]
Location
The population is 32,121 inhabitants, as of the 2020 estimate. Owing to highly fertile land,[2] the city is a flourishing agricultural hub and a base for two major agricultural companies: C. Vale and I. Rieddi. Another highlight of Palotina is the campus of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR). There is also one private university, the UESPAR (União de Ensino Superior do Paraná).
The municipality contains the 385 hectares (950 acres) São Camilo State Park, a conservation unit originally created as a biological reserve in 1990.[3]
History
Settlement in the area started in 1953 when Pinho e Terras started to colonize the area. The settlement began to grow and on July 25, 1960 attained the status of municipality. Pinho e Terras approach to colonization was called exemplary,[2] but in the early 1960s the colonists were besieged by gunmen hired by the "new landowners" affiliated with state governor and Socialist Democratic Party boss Moises Lupion.[4] The federal government moved in a regiment of border guards to pacify the area and in 1963 re-nationalized the disputed lands. The colonists had to buy back their own land.[2]
The name of the municipality comes from Saint Vincent Pallotti, because some priests, who were members of the Society of Catholic Apostolate (SAC), were present during the colonization period. The priests of this society are known to this day as "Pallotines"; hence, the name "Palotina" (feminine form, in portuguese, of "Pallottine").[5] Saint Vincent Pallotti is the patron saint of Palotina; a statue of his can be found in the central square of the municipality.[6] The only parish in the municipality, which is made up only of Pallottine priests, is also named after the Saint: in portuguese, Paróquia São Vicente Pallotti.[7] The parish belongs to the Diocese of Toledo.
The major part of the population is catholic.[8]
Agriciltural economy of Palotina relies on production of corn, wheat and soybean. A 1969 survey placed Palotina in the cluster of most efficient agricultural communities in Brazil.[9] According to authors of the study, higher productivity in this cluster stemmed from raising pigs, which accounts for 68% of its output. 82% of lands were allotted to fodder crops rather than traditional rice, bean and cotton.[9]
Nowadays, Palotina is a near 30k inhabitants municipality with an agroindustrial economy and a hopeful future. Most of the population, around 68%, have Italian ancestry and about 13% of the community have German ancestry.
On the morning of 26 July 2023, at the grain cooperative C.Vale exploded, causing 9 employees dead and 11 injuries. Investigation is still ongoing.
Climate
Humid subtropical climate of Palotina (Cfa in Köppen climate classification) is characterized by humid and hot summers, while winters are cool. Precipitation is moderate all year long.
| Climate data for Palotina, elevation 310 m (1,020 ft), (1973–2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.2 (102.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
39.4 (102.9) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
39.5 (103.1) |
41.2 (106.2) |
40.4 (104.7) |
41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.3 (84.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
28.7 (83.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.4 (68.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
16.0 (60.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 170.7 (6.72) |
157.5 (6.20) |
112.6 (4.43) |
132.0 (5.20) |
147.6 (5.81) |
108.4 (4.27) |
85.3 (3.36) |
81.6 (3.21) |
134.5 (5.30) |
176.8 (6.96) |
165.2 (6.50) |
169.8 (6.69) |
1,642 (64.65) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 115 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 76 | 77 | 80 | 81 | 77 | 72 | 70 | 72 | 71 | 77 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 235.4 | 203.8 | 233.7 | 218.1 | 202.1 | 182.3 | 205.3 | 211.5 | 189.3 | 212.0 | 234.7 | 235.1 | 2,563.3 |
| Source: IDR-Paraná[10] | |||||||||||||
Footnotes
- ^ IBGE 2020
- ^ a b c d Foweraker, p. 120.
- ^ Parque Estadual de São Camilo (in Portuguese), IAP: Instituto Ambiental do Paraná, retrieved 2016-04-29
- ^ Lupion, according to Foweraker, p. 108, practiced "double baptism" of land, awarding the title of already occupied farmland to the highest bidder.
- ^ "Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Palotina, História & Fotos". cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Palotina celebra padroeiro São Vicente Pallotti no dia 22". www.folhadaterraweb.com.br. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Paróquia São Vicente Palotti - Palotina". www.diocesetoledo.org. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Palotina, Panorama". cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ a b Foweraker, p 46.
- ^ "Medias_Historicas - Palotina" (PDF). IDR-Paraná. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
References
- Joe Foweraker (2002). The Struggle for Land: A Political Economy of the Pioneer Frontier in Brazil from 1930 to the Present Day. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52600-0.
Further reading
- Pedro Reginato (1979). História de Palotina, 1954-1979 (in Portuguese). Pallotti.