Kallamedu Formation
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This provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.(December 2020) |
Kallamedu Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian ~ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Niniyur Formation |
Overlies | Archean Basement |
Thickness | Variable, typically 5–5,000 km (3.1–3,106.9 mi) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Claystone, siltstone limestone |
Other | Conglomerate |
Location | |
Coordinates | 11°41′46″N 79°24′46″E / 11.6962°N 79.4127°E |
Country | India |
Extent | Kallamedu |
Type section | |
Named for | Kallamedu village |
The Kallamedu Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) geologic formation located in the Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, India that forms part of the Ariyalur Group.[1] It dates to the Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains and petrified wood samples are among the known fossils recovered from this formation.[2]
Lithology
The Kallamedu formation likely represented a fluvial environment. It is composed of siltstones, clays and sandstones. The high organic carbon content of some of the rocks are consistent with a swamp.[3]
Paleofauna
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs from the Kallamedu Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | |||
Abelisauridae indet.[4] | "Disassociated remains" | |||||
Bruhathkayosaurus[5] | B. matleyi | ilium and ischium, femur, tibia, radius and part of a vertebra (specifically a platycoelous caudal centrum). Remains no longer exist | Initially described as a Theropod, it was reclassified as a Titanosaur | |||
Carnosauria indet.?[5] | "Fragmentary remains" | Carnosauria was often used as a wastebasket taxon | ||||
Fusioolithus[6] | F. baghensis | Dinosaur eggs | ||||
Sauropoda indet.[7] | "fragmentary remains." | |||||
Stegosauria indet.?[8] | Dermal plate or misinterpreted sauropod bone | Other more plausible Stegosaur material is known from Cretaceous India | ||||
Titanosauria indet.[6] | solitary egg. | |||||
Troodontidae indet.[4] | One isolated tooth (DUGF/52) |
Crocodylomorphs
Crocodylomorphs from the Kallamedu Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | |||
Crocodilia indet.[9] | Teeth | |||||
Notosuchia indet. [9] | Teeth | Related to Simosuchus |
Turtles
Turtle from the Kallamedu Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | |||
Kurmademys [10] | K. kallamedensis | Nearly complete skull | A Side-necked Turtle |
References
- ^ Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Oxford University. 1865. pp. 107–140.
- ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 593–600. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263426844_SEDIMENTOLOGICAL_STUDIES_OF_KALLAMEDU_FORMATION_IN_ARIYALUR_AREA_TAMIL_NADU_INDIA
- ^ a b Goswami, A.; Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Flynn, J. J.; Benson, R. B. J. (2013). "A troodontid dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of India". Nature Communications. 4: 1703. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1703G. doi:10.1038/ncomms2716. PMID 23591870.
- ^ a b Yadagiri, P. and Ayyasami, K. (1987). "A carnosaurian dinosaur from the Kallamedu Formation (Maestrichtian horizon), Tamilnadu." In M.V.A. Sastry, V.V. Sastry, C.G.K. Ramanujam, H.M. Kapoor, B.R. Jagannatha Rao, P.P. Satsangi, and U.B. Mathur (eds.), Three Decades of Development in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in India. Volume 1. Precambrian to Mesozoic. Geological Society of India Special Publication, 11(1): 523–528.
- ^ a b Dhiman, Harsha; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Goswami, Anjali (2018). "Parataxonomy and palaeobiogeographic significance of dinosaur eggshell fragments from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Cauvery Basin, South India". Historical Biology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1450408. S2CID 89969203.
- ^ R. Lydekker. (1877). Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary and Secondary rocks. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10(1):30–43
- ^ Peter M. Galton; Krishnan Ayyasami (2017). "Purported latest bone of a plated dinosaur (Ornithischia: Stegosauria), a "dermal plate" from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 285 (1): 91–96. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0671.
- ^ a b Prasad, G. V. R., Verma, O., Flynn, J. J. & Goswami, A. (2013) A new Late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from the Cauvery basin, South India: implications for Gondwanan palaeobiogeography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
- ^ Gaffney, Eugene S; Chatterjee, Sankar; Rudra, Dhiraj K. (2001). "Kurmademys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of India" (pdf). American Museum Novitates (3321): 1–16. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)321<0001:kansnt>2.0.co;2. hdl:2246/2938. S2CID 53980146.
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