Asthma exacerbation
| Asthma exacerbation | |
|---|---|
| Other names: Asthma flair-up, asthma episode, asthma attack, acute severe asthma[1] | |
 | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
An asthma exacerbation is worsening of asthma over a relatively short period of time.[1] Symptoms may include worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, fast breathing, or low oxygen.[1] Severe symptoms may include confusion and no sounds of breathing.[1]
Generally exacerbations occur in people with known asthma; though, may occasionally occur as a first presentation.[1] Common triggers include viral respiratory infections, exposure to allergens, or insufficient use of inhaled steroids.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and may be supported by forced expiratory volume (FEV1).[1] A chest Xray is not typically needed.[1]
Initial treatment is generally with oxygen and a short acting beta agonist.[1] For mild to moderate exacerbations giving medications by metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizer are equivalent.[1] Ipratropium and steroids by mouth are often also used.[1] An inhaled steroids for at least 2 to 4 weeks is also recommended.[1] An asthma action plan supports imitation of treatment by the person themselves.[1]