Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
| Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy | |
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| Specialty | Immunology |
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy is a form of hypogammaglobulinemia appearing after birth, leading to a reduction in the level of IgG, and also sometimes IgA[1][2] and IgM.[3] (The ratios of immunoglobulins vary rapidly in all infants, and the term dysgammaglobulinemia, although theoretically applicable, is not usually used in this context.)
It can result in increased infections, but it can also present without symptoms.[4]
Signs and symptoms
The clinical presentation of this condition is as follows:[5]
- Pyodermitis
- Purulent conjunctivitis
- Aphthous stomatitis
- Diarrhea
- Bacteremia
- Otitis media
- Septicemia
Pathophysiology
Normally, a newborn's immunoglobulins come from the mother during pregnancy and wane after birth until 3-6 months of age, when the infant begins to start to produce their own IgG. However, in transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, the IgG synthesis is delayed, and the hypogammaglobulinemia is prolonged beyond age 6 months [6]
Diagnosis
The diagnosis for Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy is based on the following:[5]
- B-cell quantitative assessment
- Antibody testing
- Immunophenotyping
- DNA test
- Blood culture
- Stool culture
- Sputum exam
- Chest x-ray
- Diagnostic ultrasound
- CT scan
Treatment
The management of this condition, Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, is done via antibiotics, IVIG, as well as antihistamines if needed[5]
See also
References
- ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 818. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ↑ "Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy: Immunodeficiency Disorders: Merck Manual Professional". Archived from the original on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
- ↑ Kiliç SS, Tezcan I, Sanal O, Metin A, Ersoy F (2000). "Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy: clinical and immunologic features of 40 new cases". Pediatr Int. 42 (6): 647–50. doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.2000.01301.x. PMID 11192522. S2CID 25895833.
- ↑ Hsueh KC, Chiu HH, Lin HC, Hsu CH, Tsai FJ (2005). "Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy presenting as Staphylococcus aureus sepsis with deep neck infection". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 38 (2): 141–4. PMID 15843860. Archived from the original on 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Justiz Vaillant, Angel A.; Wilson, Allecia M. (2021). "Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ↑ Justiz Vaillant, AA; Wilson, AM (January 2021). "Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy". PMID 31335076.
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