Mark Gearan

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Mark Gearan
Director of the Peace Corps
In office
September 26, 1995 – August 11, 1999
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byCarol Bellamy
Succeeded byMark L. Schneider
White House Communications Director
In office
June 7, 1993 – August 14, 1995
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byGeorge Stephanopoulos
Succeeded byDon Baer
White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy
In office
January 20, 1993 – June 7, 1993
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byRobert Zoellick
Succeeded byRoy Neel
Personal details
Born (1956-09-19) September 19, 1956 (age 67)
Gardner, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseMary Herlihy
Children2 daughters
EducationHarvard University (BA)
Georgetown University (JD)
WebsiteOfficial website

Mark Daniel Gearan (born September 19, 1956)[1] is a public servant, lawyer, higher education expert, and the president of Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York. He previously served as a director at the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics, from 1995 to 1999 and served as the director of the Peace Corps. He is the longest serving president in the history of HWS, serving from 1999-2017. Gearan returned to the position in 2022.[2]

In recognition to Gearan’s exemplary presidency and service, the HWS Board of Trustees awarded him an honorary degree in 2017 and named him President Emeritus of the Colleges, the first time in HWS history that the board bestowed the honor.

In 2018, Gearan joined Harvard University as 'President in Residence' working on important issues facing higher education and the next generation of leaders at the Graduate School of Education.[3]

Gearan has held several leadership roles in numerous organizations which includes: Chair of National Campus Compact, Chair of the Corporation for National and Community Service, Chair of the Annapolis Group of selective liberal arts colleges, and Chair of the Talloires Network Steering Committee, an international organization of college and university presidents from six continents committed to civic engagement.

Early life and education

Gearan was born in Gardner, Massachusetts and graduated from Gardner High School in 1974.[4] Gearan earned his A.B. in government cum laude at Harvard University in 1978 and his J.D. degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1991.[4][5] At Harvard he was the college roommate of future lawyer and conservative talk show host Hugh Hewitt. His cousin is Anne Gearan, political correspondent at The Washington Post.[6]

Career in politics and government

Gearan's early interest in politics began when he helped distribute leaflets in Jesuit priest Robert F. Drinan's campaign for Congress on a strong anti-Vietnam War platform in 1970.[7] "As an eighth-grader growing up in Gardner, I had noticed that a Catholic priest was running for Congress amid the political turmoil of the Vietnam era," said Gearan.[7] "From my early days on a bike leafleting the neighborhoods of Gardner, I graduated to driving the congressman," Gearan added.[7] While an undergraduate at Harvard, Gearan interned in Drinan's Washington office and worked on Drinan's re-election campaign in 1978.[4] It was there that Gearan met his future wife, Mary Herlihy, a fellow staffer in Drinan's office.[7]

Gearan worked as a newspaper reporter for the Fitchburg, Massachusetts Sentinel and Enterprise for one year.[4] After leaving the newspaper, Gearan was chief of staff for U.S. Representative Berkley Bedell of Iowa[8] for three years.[4] In 1983,[5] Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis appointed Gearan Director of Federal-State Relations for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a post he held until 1988 when Gearan joined Dukakis' campaign for the Presidency.[4]

1988 Presidential campaign

When Dukakis ran for the presidency in 1988, Gearan originally had the high-profile job of managing Dukakis' campaign during the crucial Iowa caucuses.[9] When Gary Hart dropped out of the race, the Dukakis campaign replaced Gearan with Hart's Iowa coordinator and sent Gearan back to Boston to be the campaign's national headquarters Press Secretary.[9] Although Gearan was disappointed by the decision, he accepted it.[9] "You know, it's a long life, and there aren't too many other things in politics but loyalty," he said when asked about the incident.[9]

When Bush announced on August 17, 1988, that he was selecting Dan Quayle as his running mate after previously saying he planned to keep his choice secret until later during the convention, Gearan had one of the sharpest comments.[10] "We learned something about George Bush today. He can't keep a secret," said Gearan.[10] "and he can't stand up to the pressure of the right wing."[10] As Dukakis' Press spokesman, Gearan was frustrated by Republican negative campaigning and supported Dukakis' decision to respond.[11] "There comes a time when you respond," said Gearan.[11] "The dogs days of August are over."[11] Gearan added that Bush had falsely accused Dukakis of opposing the Stealth bomber and the D-5, a nuclear missile used on the Trident submarine.[11]

After the election Gearan said that one of the mistakes Dukakis made after winning the Democratic nomination was not re-introducing himself to the American people.[12] "One of the big mistakes we made in 1988 was we assumed people knew who Michael Dukakis was," said Gearan.[12] After Dukakis' defeat, Mr. Gearan returned to run the Massachusetts Office of Federal Relations until 1989.[5] Gearan was executive director of the Democratic Governors Association from 1989 to 1992.[4] As executive director of the Democratic Governors Association, Gearan offered George Bush a slogan for his 1992 re-election campaign with a double-entendre: "Bush in '92. You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet."[13]

1992 Presidential campaign

In 1991 Gearan was offered the job of Clinton's campaign's communications chief[14] while Clinton was seeking the Democratic nomination for president.[9] Gearan was unable to accept because his wife was in a difficult pregnancy that confined her to bed for much of the time.[9] "This was a very exciting time in our lives," Gearan said.[9] "And Mary was quite sick and had left her job. In the beginning stages, it was one of those deals where we weren't sure how it was going to go. I was not able to move to Little Rock and give the 1,000 percent that was required at the time to Governor Clinton, because I was distracted."[9] When Clinton's effort floundered in New Hampshire amid allegations of extramarital affairs and draft dodging, Gearan flew to New Hampshire to help salvage Clinton's candidacy.[9]

After Clinton won the nomination, Gearan became Al Gore's campaign manager during his run for the vice presidency.[5] Gearan's job was to ensure that the message Gore delivered reflected the views and strategies of the head of the ticket.[9] "It is a critical role and needs someone with a lot of skills," said George Stephanopoulos, director of communications for the Clinton campaign.[9] "But he has Clinton's utmost confidence and really gained the respect of Gore and his staff."[9] Gearan had the ability to keep things light during the grueling campaign.[9] Once while accompanying Al Gore during the 1992 campaign Gearan noticed an old piano at his campus residence at the University of Missouri.[9] Gearan is a talented piano player so when told that ragtime music composer Scott Joplin had once played the piano, Gearan sat down and played part of "Maple Leaf Rag."[9] "I'm never washing these hands again," he said.[9]

After the election Gearan was named deputy director of the Clinton/Gore Transition Team in 1992 in charge of Washington operations for Transition Director Warren Christopher.[4] "I came back to Washington after working for Michael S. Dukakis in 1988 and I was a knucklehead," said Gearan.[15] "I came back in 1992 and I was a genius. It makes you realize there are centrifugal forces beyond our control. I guess one is always a knucklehead-in-training."[15]

Clinton Administration

During the Clinton Administration Gearan served several roles.[4] He began as White House Deputy Chief of Staff. He was then promoted to Assistant to the President of the United States and Director of Communications and Strategic Planning.[4] Gearan traveled extensively with the president on overseas trips to Russia, Japan, the Middle East, Germany, Italy, and Ireland.[16] Gearan helped shepherd Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer through his confirmation hearings in 1994 and said that managing a successful confirmation requires thorough research, an aggressive media strategy, intense lobbying on Capitol Hill and it also helps to expect the unexpected.[17] "There's only so much you can game out," said Gearan.[17]

Peace Corps Director

On June 22, 1995, President Clinton announced his nomination of Gearan to head the Peace Corps.[18] "I am proud to nominate him to lead our Peace Corps into the 21st century, to keep the vision and the spirit of John Kennedy alive and the dream of America alive all over the world," said Clinton.[18]

Controversy over nomination

There was some controversy over Gearan's appointment as Peace Corps Director since he had not served in the Peace Corps himself and was succeeding Carol Bellamy, who was the first Peace Corps Director to have served as a volunteer.[19] The National Peace Corps Association (NPCA), an organization made up of returned volunteers, had urged President Clinton to appoint a former volunteer to the position rather than Gearan.[19] However Gearan was strongly supported by other returned volunteers including Donna Shalala, Clinton's Secretary of Health and Human Services, who had served in the Peace Corps in Iran and who addressed the NPCA at their annual meeting on August 4, 1995, in Austin, Texas.[20] "I want to talk with you about the President's new nominee -- Mark Gearan. I am Mark Gearan's friend. We have worked closely together for the past two and a half years. He is a decent, thoughtful, energetic and caring man," said Shalala.[20] "I strongly support the President's decision to nominate him. He will do a great job for all of us. Please support him," Shalala added.[20]

Accomplishments as Director

Gearan was confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in as the 14th Director of the Peace Corps in September 1995[16] was director of the Peace Corps from 1995 to 1999.[16] During Gearan's tenure as Peace Corps Director, the Peace Corps opened programs in South Africa, Jordan, Mozambique and Bangladesh and returned its volunteers to Haiti after a five-year absence.[21] On March 1, 1996, the 35th anniversary of the founding of the Peace Corps, Gearan spoke about its relevance today: "You answered President Kennedy's call, 'Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.' You provided needed assistance to 130 countries around the globe, and you continue that service here at home."[22]

On June 29, 1998, the United States and China formalized the Peace Corps program in China signing an agreement that established a formal framework for a Peace Corps program in China.[23] Twenty-one volunteers arrived to begin their assignments in Sichuan province, where the Peace Corps has operated on a pilot basis since 1993.[23] President Clinton, in China for a state visit said "This agreement represents an important step forward in building the bonds of friendship between the American and Chinese people. As in the other 80 countries where they work, Peace Corps Volunteers in China reflect the finest traditions of Americans' idealism and pragmatic approach to assisting others."[23]

Crisis Corps

One of Gearan's most successful initiatives was the creation of the Crisis Corps, that would send former Peace Corps volunteers into crisis areas for six months or less to help during emergencies.[24] However Gearan later regretted that he had not moved faster in creating the corps.[24] "I lost time and ground because I sought a broad range of opinions for starting the Crisis Corps even though I knew it was a good idea. Today it exists -- and it is one of my proudest achievements."[24]

Plan to expand the Peace Corps

On January 3, 1998, President Clinton proposed to expand the Peace Corps from about 6,500 volunteers to 10,000 volunteers by the year 2000.[25] "President Clinton's initiative to put the Peace Corps on the path to have 10,000 volunteers serving overseas by the year 2000 is one of the most important developments in the history of the Peace Corps," Gearan said.[25] "The President's initiative would result in a 50 percent increase in the number of Peace Corps volunteers. This is a strong affirmation of the contributions of 6,500 volunteers currently serving in 85 countries, as well as the work of more than 150,000 Americans who have joined the Peace Corps since 1961."[25] However the initiative failed to gain political traction or substantially increased funding in Congress and by the end of Clinton's term in office, the number of volunteers had made only modest gains increasing to about 7,100.[26]

College President

On June 1, 1999, President Clinton announced that Gearan would be leaving the administration to accept the position of President of Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York.[27] "One of the best personnel decisions I have made as President was to appoint Mark Gearan as the Director of the Peace Corps," Clinton said.[27] "I believe he has been one of the most successful Directors since President Kennedy established the Peace Corps in 1961. He has rejuvenated the Peace Corps, and demonstrated a deep commitment to its legacy of service and the women and men who serve as Peace Corps volunteers. He can be proud that the Peace Corps will soon have more volunteers serving overseas than at any time in a generation."[27]

Gearan explained why he left government to come to Hobart and William Smith.[28] "College administration generally and, in particular, small, residential, liberal arts colleges have always been things I thought I would like to be a part of, because of their importance, because they are mission-oriented, because they are value-centered," Gearan said.[28] "I came up here and was enormously impressed with the students and their capacity and their love for the place and their yearning for learning," Gearan added.[28] Under Gearan's leadership, Hobart and William Smith expanded its academic reach and advanced its reputation as a prominent liberal arts institution. By strengthening the Colleges' financial resources and increasing its fundraising range, Hobart and William Smith transformed the physical campus, adding and expanding facilities while also increasing access and opportunity for students with an expansion of financial aid. Gearan made significant commitments to diversity and inclusion, propelled the Colleges' environmental efforts, and grew programming in civic engagement, career services, leadership, study abroad and student services.

The President's Forum[29]

Gearan established a lecture series, the President's Forum, to bring national and international speakers to the university.[30] Making use of personal contacts made during his thirty years in politics, speakers in the series have included Hillary Clinton, Robert Drinan, Sam Donaldson, Ralph Nader, Donna Shalala, Michael Dukakis, George Stephanopoulos, Barney Frank, George McGovern, Gloria Steinem, and Helen Thomas.[30] "These speakers will enrich the campus life, while at the same time giving our visiting speakers a better sense of the dynamic community we have here," said Gearan, at the time of the series' creation.[30]

Strategic Planning

At the close of his first year at Hobart and William Smith, Gearan began the development of a five-year strategic planning initiative called HWS 2005. He subsequently led the next two phases, HWS 2010 and HWS 2015, as well as Campaign for the Colleges, which raised more than $205 million to support facilities, endowment and annual giving.[31]

Financial Health and Fundraising

Between 1999 when Gearan took office and 2017, the HWS endowment doubled, growing from approximately $107 million to about $200 million in 2017. Gearan raised $317 million during that time. In particular, the Campaign for the Colleges, which concluded in 2012, raised more than $205 million. It was the largest fundraising effort in the Colleges' history, impacting every aspect of life at HWS including the academic program, student life, the endowment, annual giving and facilities.

At the same time since 1999, the Colleges' financial aid budget more than doubled, going from $19.6 million in 1999 to $42 million in 2017.

Facilities

During Gearan's tenure, more than 80 capital projects were completed, including the construction of six new buildings namely the Bozzuto Boathouse (2003), Stern Hall (2003), Caird Hall (2005), de Cordova Hall (2005), The Katherine D. Elliott Studio Arts Center (2006) and the Gearan Center for the Performing Arts (2016)

Gearan Center for Performing Arts[32]

In January 2016, the Colleges celebrated the grand opening of the Gearan Center, an extraordinary 65,000-square-foot facility that brings together music, dance, theatre and media and society in a unified academic space for the first time. Made possible thanks to the generosity of countless alumni, alumnae and friends of the Colleges, the facility is the largest capital project in the history of HWS. The board of trustees unanimously voted to name the building in honor of Mark D. and Mary Herlihy Gearan.

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental sustainability was a core value under Gearan's leadership. In 2007, Gearan signed the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment, making HWS a charter member of a national effort to reduce emissions of the gases responsible for global warming. Since then, the Colleges have completed several comprehensive greenhouse gas inventories, cut energy consumption by more than 10%, and created robust recycling and composting programs. Today, 100% of the Colleges' electricity comes from wind.

  • In 2016, HWS took another meaningful step toward climate neutrality with the construction of two local solar farms, which deliver 50% of the Colleges' power.
  • The Colleges continue to be named to Sierra magazine's annual list of the greenest colleges and universities, moving ahead 63 spots since first appearing on the list in 2009.
  • Recognizing the importance of the health and vitality of the Finger Lakes to the region and the Colleges, Gearan led an effort to establish the Finger Lakes Institute to promote environmental research and education about the Finger Lakes and the surrounding environments. Established in 2004 with initial funding from former State Sen. Michael F. Nozzolio L.H.D.'07 and former U.S. Congressman James Walsh, Gearan's vision has become a preeminent source of research, education and community outreach for the Finger Lakes region.

The Salisbury Center for Career, Professional and Experiential Education[33]

  • The Salisbury Center for Career, Professional and Experiential Education has become a pioneer in collaborating with internal and external partners to facilitate a comprehensive and developmental process that assists students in realizing and fulfilling their career objectives.
  • When Gearan began his presidency in 1999, the office had largely provided consultation on job searches and resume writing. The office now has more than 3000 student appointments each semester at which experienced counselors guide students through assessments, internships, job shadowing and networking, all intended to help students fully articulate, explore and realize their professional goals.
  • The number of internships has grown from 70 in 2005 to more than 600 this year.

New York Times sexual assault story and Gearan's response

A July 13, 2014 New York Times article detailed a case in which a Hobart and William Smith freshman reported a sexual assault by three students two weeks into her first year. Within two weeks the college's investigation cleared the two men accused, despite medical evidence, a corroborating witness to one of the incidents and discrepancies in the alleged perpetrators' accounts of the evening. The story also alleged the members of the disciplinary panel that heard the case were uninformed about sexual assault and frequently changed the subject rather than hear the victim's account of events.[34]

As president of HWS, Gearan issued a response on July 13, 2014, stating that "even though we believe we handled the circumstances fairly and within the constraints of the law, and that we made decisions based on the evidence, there is no sense of satisfaction other than the knowledge that we treated everyone with compassion, kindness and respect." He went on to state that "HWS officials met with the Times reporter for two lengthy interviews and answered numerous questions via e-mail and phone, all in an effort to fully explain our approach and philosophy regarding sexual assault cases" and stated that "information that was provided to the Times reporter [was] largely missing from the article" and that transcripts of the hearings "were quoted out of context".[35]

On July 16, 2014, he issued a second response stating that "A group of faculty, staff, students and alums are working on a thorough review of our processes for sexual misconduct cases".[36] In 2015, the Colleges significantly expanded its Office for Title IX Programs and Compliance. The office now includes a Title IX coordinator, Deputy Title IX Coordinator, and a Prevention and Education Coordinator, increasing its outreach to students and facilitating the timely resolution of cases.

Other activities and honors

Gearan is the recipient of 12 honorary degrees.[37] Gearan serves on the boards of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, the Points of Light Foundation, the Annapolis Group, the Corporation for National and Community Service and The Partnership of Public Service.[37]

On April 28, 2003, the Washington Post reported that Gearan's re-appointment to the board of the Corporation for National and Community Service had been kicked back by the Bush White House.[38] On November 23, 2004, Gearan was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to serve on the board of the Corporation for National and Community Service.[39] On November 30, 2007, the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle reported that Gearan was confirmed on November 16 to another three-year term on the Board of Directors of the Corporation for National and Community Service.[40]

An article by the Associated Press on September 17, 2004, said that in the event of a Kerry win in the 2004 campaign for the presidency, Gearan would be a possible nominee for the post of Secretary of the Interior.[41]

References

  1. ^ "Washington Monitor's Federal Yellow Book". 1999.
  2. ^ "President | Offices | HWS Colleges". www.hws.edu. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  3. ^ "Mark Gearan appointed Director of the Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School". www.hks.harvard.edu. February 12, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "White House. "Mark Daniel Gearan: Assistant to the President". Clinton1.nara.gov. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  5. ^ a b c d "Political Theorist, Veteran Journalist, World War II Ace, Peace Corps Director, and more to Speak at Yale this Week.", Yale News Release. April 19, 1996. Archived September 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Gearan, Anne (February 18, 2016). "Hugh Hewitt Show" (Interview). Interviewed by Hugh Hewitt.
  7. ^ a b c d Gearan, Mark D. (February 3, 2007). "Boston Globe. "Father Drinan was our unfailing champion"". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  8. ^ "University of Maine. "National Peace Corps director and former White House deputy chief of staff to speak at UMFK commencement"". Umfk.maine.edu. April 16, 1999. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Holmes, Steven A. (September 18, 1992). "The 1992 Campaign: Campaign Profile; Captain of the Gore Team, Go-Between to Clinton September 18, 1992". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  10. ^ a b c R. W. Apple, Jr. (August 17, 1988). "The Republicans in New Orleans; Bush Chooses Senator Quayle of Indiana, a 41-year-old Conservative, for No. 2 Slot". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  11. ^ a b c d Robin Toner (August 31, 1988). "Dukakis and Bush Trade Fire in Heavy Barrages; Democrat Denounces Rival's Stand in the Iran-Contra Affair". The New York Times. Nicaragua; Iran. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  12. ^ a b Ifill, Gwen (May 17, 1992). "The 1992 Campaign: Political Memo; Clinton Seeks to Reintroduce Himself". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  13. ^ Kolbert, Elizabeth (May 17, 1992). "The Slogan Search Hasn't Yet Been Buttoned Up". The New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  14. ^ Berke, Richard L. (May 27, 1992). "The 1992 Campaign: Headquarters; Trying to Gain Mileage By Staying in Arkansas". New York Times. Arkansas. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  15. ^ a b New York Times. "No Headlines." January 3, 1993.
  16. ^ a b c Turner Learning. "Mark D. Gearan" Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ^ a b Keen, Judy (July 1, 2005). "USA Today. "White House braces for intense nomination battle"". USA Today. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  18. ^ a b Williams, Lena (June 22, 1995). "Chronicle". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  19. ^ a b "Friends of Ghana. "Peace Corps Leadership Changes"". Peacecorpsonline.org. April 1, 1995. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  20. ^ a b c "Peace Corps Online. "Donna Shalala's remarks on Mark Gearan." August 4, 1995". Peacecorpsonline.org. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  21. ^ Fairfield University. Peace Corps Director Mark D. Gearan Fairfield University commencement speaker." April 1, 1999. Archived June 10, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Peace Corps Press Release. "On the 35th Anniversary of the Peace Corps, its Director Calls Volunteers 'True Global Citizens' and Cites Continued Service in U.S." March 1, 1996". October 18, 1996. Archived from the original on October 18, 1996. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  23. ^ a b c "Peace Corps Online. "US and China sign Peace Corps Agreement during Presidential visit." June 29, 1998". Peacecorpsonline.org. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  24. ^ a b c Mark Hoffman (March 1, 2001). "Mark Gearan: My Biggest Mistake". Inc. Magazine. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  25. ^ a b c "US Embassy in Israel. "Peace Corps Director on the new Clinton Initiative". Peacecorpsonline.org. January 3, 1998. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  26. ^ "Peace Corps Press Release. "Peace Corps' Volunteer Numbers Reach Record High"". Peacecorpsonline.org. November 18, 2003. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  27. ^ a b c "Statement by the President." The White House. June 1, 1999. Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ a b c Dana Cooke. (Summer 1999). "Hobart and William Smith Colleges. "Presidential Appointment"". Campus.hws.edu. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  29. ^ "HWS: President's Forum". www.hws.edu. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  30. ^ a b c "President's Forum." Hobart and William Smith Colleges.
  31. ^ "The Pulteney St. Survey". www.hws.edu. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  32. ^ "Gearan Center for the Performing Arts - Hobart and William Smith Colleges". www2.hws.edu. February 17, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  33. ^ "Academics: Salisbury Center for Career Services". www.hws.edu. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  34. ^ Bogdanich, Walter (July 12, 2014). "Reporting Rape and Wishing She Hadn't: How One College Handled a Sexual Assault Complaint". The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  35. ^ Mark D. Gearan (July 13, 2014), Messages to the Campus Community, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, retrieved July 20, 2014
  36. ^ Mark D. Gearan (July 16, 2014), Messages to the Campus Community, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, retrieved July 20, 2014
  37. ^ a b "President's Page". Hobart and William Smith Colleges. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  38. ^ Al Kamen. (April 28, 2003). "Washington Post. "Shattered Imprimatur"". Peacecorpsonline.org. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  39. ^ "Senate confirms Gearan board seat.", Rochester Business Daily. November 23, 2004. Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ "Hobart chief in national post". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. November 30, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  41. ^ "Associated Press. "Kerry's Cabinet: Advisers, governors, Clinton returnees, a general, a Republican or two?."". Peacecorpsonline.org. September 17, 2004. Retrieved August 20, 2010.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by White House Director of Communications
1993–1995 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Director of the Peace Corps
1995–1999 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Mark_Gearan"