Griscelli syndrome type 2

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Griscelli syndrome type 2
Other names: Hypopigmentation-immunodeficiency with or without neurologic impairment syndrome
Autosomal recessive - en.svg
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner

Griscelli syndrome type 2 (also known as "partial albinism with immunodeficiency") is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by variable cutenous albinism, silver colored metallic looking hair, frequent bacterial or viral infections, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.[1]: 866 

Presentation

Boy with silvery hairs, eyelashes, eyebrows

All types of Griscelli syndrome have distinctive skin and hair coloring.

Type 1 is associated with neurological abnormalities. These include delayed development, intellectual disability, seizures, hypotonia and eye abnormalities.

Type 2 - unlike type 1 - is not associated with primary neurological disease but is associated with an uncontrolled T lymphocyte expansion and macrophage activation syndrome. It is often associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome. This latter condition may be fatal in the absence of bone marrow transplantation.

Persons with type 3 have the typical light skin and hair coloring but are otherwise normal.

Genetics

There are three types of Griscelli syndrome.

Type 1 is associated with mutations in the MYO5A gene

Type 2 is associated with mutations in RAB27A gene.

Both these genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q21).

Type 3 is associated with mutations in the MLPH gene.

All types are inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

This includes Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Elejalde syndrome (neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease).

Treatment

In terms of the management of this condition Bone marrow transplantation is an effective treatment. For recurrent infections antiviral (antibacterial) medications may be used[2]

History

This syndrome was first described in 1978.[3] In 2000 types 1 and 2 were distinguished.[4]

See also

References

  1. James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  2. "Griscelli syndrome type 2 | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  3. Griscelli C, Durandy, A, Guy-Grand D, Daguillard F, Herzog C, Prunieras M (1978) A syndrome associating partial albinism and immunodeficiency. Am J Med 65:691-702
  4. Menasche G, Pastural E, Feldmann J, Certain S, Ersoy F, Dupuis S, Wulffraat N, Bianchi D, Fischer A, Le Deist F, de Saint Basile G (2000) Mutations in RAB27A cause Griscelli syndrome associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. Nature Genet 25:173-176

External links

Classification
External resources