English: FIGURE 1 The life cycle and virus-host cell interactions of B19V in EPCs. I. B19V binds to membrane glycosphingolipid globoside (Gb4), virion uncoats and releases the ssDNA genome. II. Virion synthesizes the second strand form inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) under the action of cellular DNA polymerase and so on. III. Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia activate and increase the phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription (pSTAT5), which interacts with minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex for initiation of viral DNA replication by a rolling hairpin model. Then, the non-structural proteins 1 (NS1) protein binds to the NS1 binding elements (NSBE) site, where pSTAT5 recruits the MCM complex and nicks one of the single strands. IV. An open-ended double-stranded DNA intermediate is formed under the action of the NS1 ATP helicase function. V. The double-stranded ITRs intermediate initiates a new round of viral genomic DNA replication. VI. Regarding the transcription of B19V, mRNA encodes the NS1 protein, VP1/2 protein and 11 kDa protein. VII. Capsids and single-stranded genomes assemble into virions, which are ultimately released from host cells.