1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana

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1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana

← 1912 November 7, 1916 (1916-11-07) 1920 →
 
Nominee Woodrow Wilson Charles Evans Hughes No candidate
Party Democratic Republican Progressive
Home state New Jersey New York N/A
Running mate Thomas R. Marshall Charles W. Fairbanks John M. Parker
Electoral vote 10 0 0
Popular vote 79,875 6,466 6,349
Percentage 85.90% 6.95% 6.83%

Parish Results

President before election

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

Elected President

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

The 1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Ever since the passage of a new constitution in 1898, Louisiana had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party became moribund due to the disenfranchisement of blacks and the complete absence of other support bases as Louisiana completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession.[1] Despite this absolute single-party dominance, non-partisan tendencies remained strong among wealthy sugar planters in Acadiana and within the business elite of New Orleans.[2]

Following disfranchisement, the state’s politics became dominated by the Choctaw Club of Louisiana, generally called the “Old Regulars”. This political machine was based in New Orleans and united with Black Belt cotton planters.[3] Opposition emerged in the north and west of the state vis the Socialist Party, who elected a few officials in Winn Parish between 1908 and 1912,[4] and by the Industrial Workers of the World in the lumbering parishes of Imperial Calcasieu.[5] This opposition was mortally weakened almost immediately after the 1912 election by the unresolved conflict between electoral and antipolitical strategies for reform.[6] Stronger opposition came via the Progressive movement soon after, although this time in the southern sugarcane-growing parishes, where conflicts with President Wilson’s Underwood-Simmons Act[7] even allowed a Progressive Party member in Whitmell P. Martin[a] to be elected to the Third Congressional District in 1914.

Whereas Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party disintegrated after the 1914 elections in most of the United States, in Louisiana it had a brief revival during the following election cycle as John M. Parker, a long-time business progressive[8] and wealthy landowner[9] ran for governor against Democratic primary winner Ruffin G. Pleasant in April 1916, and at the same time sixteen Progressives were elected to the state legislature, the first time any non-Democrat had been so elected since before the 1898 Constitution. Despite carrying sixteen parishes – mostly in the sugar belt – Parker carried only 38 percent of the vote.[10]

However, this would be the high point of the Progressive movement in Louisiana. Parker was nominated for vice-president by the national Progressive Party, but when Roosevelt declined the presidential place on this ticket and endorsed national Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes, the top spot was left empty and Parker endorsed incumbent president Wilson.[10] Despite this, opposition to Wilson’s tariff policy in the sugar parishes was sufficient that the Progressive ticket did very well in this area, becoming the first non-Democrat to carry any Louisiana parish since 1900.

Results

Presidential Candidate Running Mate Party Electoral Vote (EV) Popular Vote (PV)
Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey Thomas R. Marshall Democratic 10[11] 79,875 85.90%
Charles Evans Hughes Charles W. Fairbanks Republican 0 6,466 6.95%
John M. Parker Progressive 0 6,349 6.83%
Allan L. Benson George Ross Kirkpatrick Socialist 0 292[b] 0.31%

Results by parish

1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana by parish
Parish Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Democratic
Charles Evans Hughes
Republican
No candidate
Progressive
Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # %
Acadia 1,165 83.87% 202 14.54% 22 1.58% 963 69.33% 1,389
Allen 708 89.51% 81 10.24% 2 0.25% 627 79.27% 791
Ascension 531 76.07% 106 15.19% 61 8.74% 425 60.89% 698
Assumption 489 45.15% 221 20.41% 373 34.44% 116[c] 10.71% 1,083
Avoyelles 1,253 95.72% 44 3.36% 12 0.92% 1,209 92.36% 1,309
Beauregard 968 94.07% 59 5.73% 2 0.19% 909 88.34% 1,029
Bienville 1,229 98.01% 20 1.59% 5 0.40% 1,209 96.41% 1,254
Bossier 675 98.68% 9 1.32% 0 0.00% 666 97.37% 684
Caddo 3,109 95.25% 151 4.63% 4 0.12% 2,958 90.63% 3,264
Calcasieu 1,798 91.13% 165 8.36% 10 0.51% 1,633 82.77% 1,973
Caldwell 554 96.01% 20 3.47% 3 0.52% 534 92.55% 577
Cameron 163 94.22% 10 5.78% 0 0.00% 153 88.44% 173
Catahoula 459 95.63% 20 4.17% 1 0.21% 439 91.46% 480
Claiborne 1,276 98.76% 15 1.16% 1 0.08% 1,261 97.60% 1,292
Concordia 264 95.31% 10 3.61% 3 1.08% 254 91.70% 277
De Soto 1,104 98.48% 17 1.52% 0 0.00% 1,087 96.97% 1,121
East Baton Rouge 1,482 89.98% 130 7.89% 35 2.13% 1,352 82.09% 1,647
East Carroll 219 98.65% 3 1.35% 0 0.00% 216 97.30% 222
East Feliciana 489 95.69% 21 4.11% 1 0.20% 468 91.59% 511
Evangeline 808 92.77% 26 2.99% 37 4.25% 771[c] 88.52% 871
Franklin 684 98.56% 10 1.44% 0 0.00% 674 97.12% 694
Grant 640 94.81% 31 4.59% 4 0.59% 609 90.22% 675
Iberia 802 44.90% 134 7.50% 850 47.59% -48[c] -2.69% 1,786
Iberville 471 72.02% 160 24.46% 23 3.52% 311 47.55% 654
Jackson 980 97.13% 27 2.68% 2 0.20% 953 94.45% 1,009
Jefferson 1,041 94.21% 56 5.07% 8 0.72% 985 89.14% 1,105
Jefferson Davis 656 75.14% 200 22.91% 17 1.95% 456 52.23% 873
Lafayette 1,066 66.01% 73 4.52% 476 29.47% 590[c] 36.53% 1,615
Lafourche 629 32.51% 157 8.11% 1,149 59.38% -520[c] -26.87% 1,935
La Salle 610 95.61% 20 3.13% 8 1.25% 590 92.48% 638
Lincoln 932 95.30% 42 4.29% 4 0.41% 890 91.00% 978
Livingston 503 90.47% 35 6.29% 18 3.24% 468 84.17% 556
Madison 187 99.47% 1 0.53% 0 0.00% 186 98.94% 188
Morehouse 564 99.30% 3 0.53% 1 0.18% 561 98.77% 568
Natchitoches 1,181 95.78% 45 3.65% 7 0.57% 1,136 92.13% 1,233
Orleans 30,936 91.03% 2,531 7.45% 516 1.52% 28,405 83.59% 33,983
Ouachita 1,215 96.97% 35 2.79% 3 0.24% 1,180 94.17% 1,253
Plaquemines 461 90.22% 43 8.41% 7 1.37% 418 81.80% 511
Pointe Coupee 301 85.27% 37 10.48% 15 4.25% 264 74.79% 353
Rapides 2,184 93.25% 134 5.72% 24 1.02% 2,050 87.53% 2,342
Red River 567 99.30% 4 0.70% 0 0.00% 563 98.60% 571
Richland 650 98.93% 7 1.07% 0 0.00% 643 97.87% 657
Sabine 1,147 97.04% 30 2.54% 5 0.42% 1,117 94.50% 1,182
Saint Bernard 363 92.84% 23 5.88% 5 1.28% 340 86.96% 391
Saint Charles 297 90.00% 30 9.09% 3 0.91% 267 80.91% 330
Saint Helena 319 95.51% 9 2.69% 6 1.80% 310 92.81% 334
Saint James 520 71.53% 185 25.45% 22 3.03% 335 46.08% 727
Saint John the Baptist 289 70.15% 115 27.91% 8 1.94% 174 42.23% 412
Saint Landry 139 36.87% 117 31.03% 121 32.10% 18[c] 4.77% 377
Saint Martin 971 69.41% 36 2.57% 392 28.02% 579[c] 41.39% 1,399
Saint Mary 652 45.95% 162 11.42% 605 42.64% 47[c] 3.31% 1,419
Saint Tammany 782 87.67% 95 10.65% 15 1.68% 687 77.02% 892
Tangipahoa 1,326 88.58% 159 10.62% 12 0.80% 1,167 77.96% 1,497
Tensas 204 96.68% 5 2.37% 2 0.95% 199 94.31% 211
Terrebonne 606 46.37% 113 8.65% 588 44.99% 18[c] 1.38% 1,307
Union 1,106 97.96% 22 1.95% 1 0.09% 1,084 96.01% 1,129
Vermilion 1,340 59.56% 78 3.47% 832 36.98% 508[c] 22.58% 2,250
Vernon 754 59.09% 44 3.45% 478 37.46% 276[c] 21.63% 1,276
Washington 1,094 93.19% 66 5.62% 14 1.19% 1,028 87.56% 1,174
Webster 1,040 99.24% 6 0.57% 2 0.19% 1,034 98.66% 1,048
West Baton Rouge 237 87.78% 28 10.37% 5 1.85% 209 77.41% 270
West Carroll 311 95.11% 14 4.28% 2 0.61% 297 90.83% 327
West Feliciana 261 95.26% 8 2.92% 5 1.82% 253 92.34% 274
Winn 868 94.55% 50 5.45% 0 0.00% 818 89.11% 918
Totals 79,875 85.90% 6,466 6.95% 6,349 6.83% 73,409 78.95% 92,982

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Martin would join the Democratic Party in 1919.
  2. ^ These Socialist votes were not separated by parish but given only as a statewide total.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k In this parish where Hughes ran third behind Wilson and the unpledged Progressive slate, margin given is Wilson vote minus Progressive vote and percentage margin Wilson percentage minus Progressive percentage.

References

  1. ^ Phillips, Kevin P. The Emerging Republican Majority. pp. 208, 210. ISBN 9780691163246.
  2. ^ Schott, Matthew J. (Summer 1979). "Progressives against Democracy: Electoral Reform in Louisiana, 1894-1921". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 20 (3): 247–260.
  3. ^ Wall, Bennett H.; Rodriguez, John C. Louisiana: A History. pp. 274–275. ISBN 1118619293.
  4. ^ Williams, Thomas Harry (1981). Huey Long. New York City: Vintage Books. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0394747909.
  5. ^ Renshaw, Patrick (1968). The Wobblies: The Story of Syndicalism in the United States. Garden City, New York: Anchor Books. pp. 76, 120–121.
  6. ^ Renshaw (1968). The Wobblies, pp. 122-123
  7. ^ Collin, Richard H. (Winter 1971). "Theodore Roosevelt's Visit to New Orleans and the Progressive Campaign of 1914". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 12 (1): 5–19.
  8. ^ Schott, Matthew J. (Spring 1983). "The New Orleans Machine and Progressivism". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 24 (2): 141–153.
  9. ^ Hair, William Ivy. The Kingfish and His Realm. ISBN 0807145661.
  10. ^ a b Cowan, Walter Greaves; McGuire, Jack B. Louisiana Governors: Rulers, Rascals, and Reformers. p. 151. ISBN 1604733209.
  11. ^ Dave Leip. "1916 Presidential General Election Results – Louisiana". Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.